B\u00e0i so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n nam K15a1 (XH)
\nC\u00e2u 1: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng giun ch\u1ec9?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea3i qua 2 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed7i (v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh)<\/p>\n
2)<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft<\/p>\n
– Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed7i:<\/p>\n
+ Khi mu\u1ed7i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00fat m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giun ch\u1ec9 theo v\u00f2i mu\u1ed7i v\u00e0o d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y mu\u1ed7i: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y 2-6 gi\u1edd th\u00ec xuy\u00ean qua v\u00e1ch d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp \u00e1o. Sau 15 gi\u1edd, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 ng\u1ef1c mu\u1ed7i: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 6 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 7, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng thay v\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/p>\n
+ T\u1edbi tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng thay v\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV, k\u00fd sinh \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i<\/p>\n
– Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
+ Khi mu\u1ed7i mang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i vi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, k\u00fd sinh \u1edf h\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
+ Giun ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (con \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i) cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0o nhau k\u00fd sinh trong h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft (tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 10 n\u0103m), \u0111\u1ebb ra \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng di chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu ko g\u1eb7p v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh -> \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft sau 10 tu\u1ea7n (\u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam)<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t = c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m m\u00e0n<\/p>\n
3) Di\u1ec7t b\u1ecd g\u1eady (nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 \u1edf ao h\u1ed3) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u01a1i th\u00f4ng ao h\u1ed3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau)<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 2: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng giun kim (Enterobius vermicularis)?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, g\u1ed3m 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) Chu k\u1ef3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
2.1) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
+ V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: manh tr\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m giun do \u0103n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eabn trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c qua tay b\u1ea9n d\u00ednh tr\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n
+ V\u00e0o t\u1edbi ru\u1ed9t non, tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng manh tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
+ Giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh giao h\u1ee3p, giun \u0111\u1ef1c ch\u1ebft ngay, giun c\u00e1i b\u00f2 ra h\u1eadu m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ebb xong giun c\u00e1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf h\u1eadu m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2.2) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n
+ Tr\u1ee9ng giun kim t\u1eeb h\u1eadu m\u00f4n r\u01a1i v\u00e3i ra gi\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu, s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng sau 6h<\/p>\n
+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m giun kim<\/p>\n
+ Th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3: 28 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun kim l\u00e0 2 th\u00e1ng<\/p>\n
3) Chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m): c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ee9ng giun kim ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ngay t\u1ea1i h\u1eadu m\u00f4n r\u1ed3i b\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn manh tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh giun kim<\/p>\n
2) V\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n
– R\u1eeda tay b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n h\u1edf \u0111\u0169ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ebb g\u00e3i h\u1eadu m\u00f4n l\u00e0m tay b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n
– Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho tr\u1ebb b\u1ecf th\u00f3i quen c\u1eafn m\u00f3ng tay, m\u00fat m\u00f3ng tay v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1eaft m\u00f3ng tay<\/p>\n
– R\u1eeda h\u1eadu m\u00f4n cho tr\u1ebb = x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1ee9ng giun kim<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb l\u00ea la \u1edf n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n<\/p>\n
3) V\u1ec7 sinh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3: lau r\u1eeda s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u0103n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1ee9ng giun kim<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 3: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf (Ancylostoma duodenale\/Necator americanus)?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, g\u1ed3m 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m giun do \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf xuy\u00ean qua da<\/p>\n
– Sau khi xuy\u00ean qua da, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng TM v\u1ec1 tim ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i theo \u0110M ph\u1ed5i l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i: thay v\u1ecf 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV v\u00e0 V. Sau \u0111\u00f3 theo ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ean h\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
– Giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh giao h\u1ee3p, giun c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
3) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n
– Tr\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec sau 1 ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I<\/p>\n
– Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, sau 3 ng\u00e0y: \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II v\u00e0 th\u00eam 5 ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xuy\u00ean qua da v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd:<\/p>\n
+ \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t: m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t cao, c\u1ecdc r\u00e0o\u2026 v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao l\u00e0 1 m<\/p>\n
+ \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng \u01b0a n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao (gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean l\u00e1 rau, ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf)<\/p>\n
+ \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi (nh\u01b0ng ko ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hay ko)<\/p>\n
– Th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3: 42-45 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun m\u00f3c: 4-5 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun m\u1ecf: 10-15 n\u0103m<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf<\/p>\n
2) V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n
– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed1 x\u00ed h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf b\u1eeba b\u00e3i ra ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn quanh nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f3, l\u1ee3n, g\u00e0 tha ph\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c, \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb 4 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/p>\n
3) L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m giun: \u0111eo g\u0103ng tay v\u00e0 \u0111i \u1ee7ng<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 4: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf (Ancylostoma duodenale\/Necator americanus)?<\/p>\n
1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf<\/p>\n
1 giun m\u00f3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 \u2013 25.000 tr\u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
1 giun m\u1ecf c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 \u2013 10.000 tr\u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
2. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi: li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1\u2026<\/p>\n
2) \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh: b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u1ecf than d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u)<\/p>\n
3. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n
1) Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p: n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f9ng m\u1ecf<\/p>\n
2) Tu\u1ed5i: c\u00e0ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e0ng cao<\/p>\n
3) Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: n\u1eef > nam<\/p>\n
4) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng: v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa ven s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n<\/p>\n
5) \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc:<\/p>\n
– V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng: 100-140 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng\/100 g \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
– V\u00f9ng trung du: 8-35 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng\/100 g \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
– V\u00f9ng n\u00fai: 0.2-0.7 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng\/100 g \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
6) M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u1ee7)<\/p>\n
– T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed1 x\u00ed ko h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i\u2026<\/p>\n
7) Trong 2 lo\u00e0i: giun m\u1ecf chi\u1ebfm 95%, giun m\u00f3c chi\u1ebfm 5% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 5: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng giun \u0111\u0169a (Ascaris lumbricoides)?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, g\u1ed3m 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ru\u1ed9t non<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m giun do \u0103n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o t\u1edbi ru\u1ed9t: tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng chui qua th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u m\u1ea1c treo tr\u00e0ng tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i theo m\u00e1u t\u1edbi gan, \u1edf gan 3-4 ng\u00e0y, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng theo TM tr\u00ean gan v\u1ec1 tim r\u1ed3i theo \u0110M ph\u1ed5i l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i, \u1edf ph\u1ed5i 10 ng\u00e0y, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng thay v\u1ecf 2 l\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang<\/p>\n
– Sau \u0111\u00f3 theo ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ean h\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t non \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
– Giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh giao h\u1ee3p, giun c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
3) Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n
– Tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng sau 15 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
– Th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3: 60 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun \u0111\u0169a: 13 th\u00e1ng<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh giun \u0111\u0169a<\/p>\n
2) \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
3) V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n
– S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed1 x\u00ed h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf b\u1eeba b\u00e3i ra ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn quanh nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f3, l\u1ee3n, g\u00e0 tha ph\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c, \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb 4 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/p>\n
4) V\u1ec7 sinh \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: th\u1ee9c \u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn, \u0111\u1eady l\u1ed3ng b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0103n rau s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 6: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a giun \u0111\u0169a (Ascaris lumbricoides)?<\/p>\n
1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a<\/p>\n
1) 1 giun \u0111\u0169a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 tr\u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
2) \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u01a1i b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m: tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm, formol 6%, cresyl\u2026 ko c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1ee9ng. Trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a b\u1ecb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4 hanh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n khi ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n
3) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n tr\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh: d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i\u2026<\/p>\n
2. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n
B\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Theo WHO: c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 1 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft do giun \u0111\u0169a v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
3. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n
1) T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i giun truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf VN:<\/p>\n
Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc<\/p>\n
Mi\u1ec1n Trung<\/p>\n
Mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng: 80-95%<\/p>\n
– Trung du: 80-90%<\/p>\n
– V\u00f9ng n\u00fai: 50-70%<\/p>\n
– Ven bi\u1ec3n: 70%<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng: 70.5%<\/p>\n
– V\u00f9ng n\u00fai: 38.4%<\/p>\n
– Ven bi\u1ec3n: 12.5%<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng: 45-60%<\/p>\n
– T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean: 10-25%<\/p>\n
2) T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n
– Tu\u1ed5i: tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
– Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p: n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m giun \u0111\u0169a cao<\/p>\n
3) M\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ko \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quanh n\u0103m<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 7: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu k\u1ef3 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a KST s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n
Di\u1ec5n ra 2 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau:<\/p>\n
1) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n chia trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan:<\/p>\n
– KSTSR khi \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh thoi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thoi tr\u00f9ng hay thoa tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– Khi mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thoa tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau 30 ph\u00fat, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thoa tr\u00f9ng chui v\u00e0o gan \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan<\/p>\n
– Trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan, thoa tr\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t. Th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t v\u1ee1 -> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– T\u1eeb 1 thoa tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra 1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n
+ P. falciparum c\u00f3 40.000 m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
+ P. vivax, P. ovale c\u00f3 10.000 \u2013 15.000 m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
+ P. malariae c\u00f3 2000 m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh trong HC<\/p>\n
+ P. falciparum v\u00e0 P. malariae: to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan<\/p>\n
+ P. vivax v\u00e0 P. ovale: c\u00f3 1 s\u1ed1 thoa tr\u00f9ng khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xa<\/p>\n
2) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n chia trong HC:<\/p>\n
– C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb gan x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o HC, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t<\/p>\n
– Th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t gi\u00e0) s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 HC gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng \u2013 l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
– H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng mang gen v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi quay l\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh trong nh\u1eefng HC m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 HC g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t ti\u1ebfp theo<\/p>\n
– 1 s\u1ed1 \u00edt m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng mang gen h\u1eefu gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giao b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i, m\u1ed7i giao b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m trong 1 HC. C\u00e1c giao b\u00e0o n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed7i h\u00fat s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y trong th\u1eddi gian 45-60 ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed7i h\u00fat v\u00e0o d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed7i<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 8: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu k\u1ef3 sinh s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a KST s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t \u1edf mu\u1ed7i?<\/p>\n
1) Mu\u1ed7i h\u00fat m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 giao b\u00e0o t\u1edbi d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y mu\u1ed7i:<\/p>\n
– Giao b\u00e0o c\u00e1i thu g\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh giao t\u1eed c\u00e1i<\/p>\n
– Giao b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh 4-8 roi, m\u1ed7i roi d\u00ednh v\u1edbi 1 \u00edt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giao t\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c<\/p>\n
2) Giao t\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giao t\u1eed c\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ee5 tinh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, chui qua d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y mu\u1ed7i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng nang. Khi tr\u1ee9ng nang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee9ng nang gi\u00e0, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 thoa tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
3) Khi tr\u1ee9ng nang gi\u00e0 v\u1ee1, c\u00e1c thoa tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i<\/p>\n
4) Khi mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thoa tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb mu\u1ed7i s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 9: So s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae?<\/p>\n
P. falciparum<\/p>\n
P. vivax<\/p>\n
P. malariae<\/p>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf gan<\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
40.000<\/p>\n
10.000-15.000<\/p>\n
2.000<\/p>\n
Th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 -> g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xa<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n
S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea3nh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
8-32<\/p>\n
8-22<\/p>\n
4-16<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
48 h<\/p>\n
48 h<\/p>\n
72 h<\/p>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n
16oC<\/p>\n
14.5oC<\/p>\n
16.5oC<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/p>\n
111oC<\/p>\n
105oC<\/p>\n
144oC<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n[\u200bIMG](ng\u00e0y)<\/p>\n[\u200bIMG](ng\u00e0y)<\/p>\n[\u200bIMG](ng\u00e0y)<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 10: N\u00eau c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t?<\/p>\n
1) Do mu\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n
– L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/p>\n
– Do mu\u1ed7i Anopheles c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m KSTSR \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 1 con mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
2) Do truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u:<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u00e1u mang KSTSR ko c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u ko x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9<\/p>\n
– Do \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o TM n\u00ean cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 P. vivax c\u0169ng ko bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xa (v\u00ec KSTSR ko qua gan)<\/p>\n
– 4-7 ng\u00e0y sau khi truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n
3) S\u1ed1t r\u00e9t b\u1ea9m sinh:<\/p>\n
– PNCT mang KSTSR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n cho b\u00e0o thai qua d\u00e2y rau b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
– Thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0o thai h\u1ecdc: t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00e0o thai, KSTSR \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 sang con, v\u00ec c\u1ee9 5-200 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u b\u00e0o thai th\u00ec giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi 1 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u m\u1eb9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng P. falciparum t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i d\u00e2y rau<\/p>\n
4) Do ti\u00eam ch\u00edch ma t\u00fay (d\u00f9ng chung b\u01a1m kim ti\u00eam d\u00ednh m\u00e1u mang KSTSR)<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 11: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e1n d\u00e2y heo (Taenia solium)?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n[\u200bIMG][\u200bIMG][\u200bIMG] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
Heo<\/p>\n
2)<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ru\u1ed9t non c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– Tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1t gi\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Heo \u0103n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n, tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n n\u1edf ra \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t, theo tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 heo g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ea1o heo\u201d<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e1n theo 3 c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n
+ \u0102n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecbt heo ch\u1ee9a nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn (ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh). Khi v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t non, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh sau 2-4 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng 3-10 n\u0103m<\/p>\n
+ \u0102n ph\u1ea3i rau s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5), tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng s\u00e1n<\/p>\n
+ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00f4n \u1ecde l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1n gi\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng ra \u1edf ru\u1ed9t non \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y -> gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n (d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a), tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng s\u00e1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5)<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh s\u00e1n d\u00e2y heo<\/p>\n
2) V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
– Ko \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, ko nu\u00f4i heo th\u1ea3 r\u00f4ng, ko cho heo \u0103n ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra s\u00e1t sinh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00f2 m\u1ed5 gia s\u00fac. Th\u1ecbt heo c\u00f3 nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf<\/p>\n
3) V\u1ec7 sinh \u0103n u\u1ed1ng: ko \u0103n th\u1ecbt heo ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn, ko \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
4) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 12: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e1n d\u00e2y b\u00f2 (Taenia saginata)?<\/p>\n
1. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n[\u200bIMG][\u200bIMG][\u200bIMG] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
B\u00f2<\/p>\n
2)<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ru\u1ed9t non c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– Tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1t gi\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2 \u0103n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n, tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n n\u1edf ra \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng , \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t, theo tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ea1o b\u00f2\u201d<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u00e1n do \u0103n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecbt tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2 ch\u1ee9a nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn. Khi v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t non, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh sau 8-10 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng 20-30 n\u0103m<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh s\u00e1n d\u00e2y b\u00f2<\/p>\n
2) V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n
– Ko \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i<\/p>\n
– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra s\u00e1t sinh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00f2 m\u1ed5 gia s\u00fac. Th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 c\u00f3 nang \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf<\/p>\n
3) V\u1ec7 sinh \u0103n u\u1ed1ng: ko \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 t\u00e1i<\/p>\n
4) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 13: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e1n d\u00e2y heo (Taenia solium) v\u00e0 s\u00e1n d\u00e2y b\u00f2 (Taenia saginata)?<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 14: Chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan nh\u1ecf (Clonorchis sinensis)?<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian<\/p>\n
2) Chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan nh\u1ecf g\u1ed3m 3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: \u1ed1c, c\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng m\u1eadt \u1edf gan<\/p>\n
– S\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n
– Trong \u1ed1c, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ru\u1ed9t, gan, t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0o \u1ea5u r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0111u\u00f4i (sau 21-30 ng\u00e0y). \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng \u0111u\u00f4i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, k\u00fd sinh \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nang tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o) \u0103n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecfi c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn ch\u1ee9a nang tr\u00f9ng: khi v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t nang v\u00e0 15 gi\u1edd sau s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh sau 26 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng 15-25 n\u0103m<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 15: Chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i (Paragonimus ringeri (westermani))?<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian<\/p>\n
2) Chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i g\u1ed3m 3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: \u1ed1c, t\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c cua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u1ed5i (ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n) nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh \u1edf m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c, gan, n\u00e3o, tinh ho\u00e0n, d\u01b0\u1edbi da\u2026<\/p>\n
– S\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng theo ph\u00e2n (tr\u1ebb em) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddm ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 16 ng\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 60 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n
– Trong \u1ed1c, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u00e0o \u1ea5u r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0111u\u00f4i. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng \u0111u\u00f4i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u00f4m, cua n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nang tr\u00f9ng. Sau 45-54 ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o) \u0103n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4m, cua s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn ch\u1ee9a nang tr\u00f9ng: khi v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t nang v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn xoang b\u1ee5ng, \u1edf l\u1ea1i xoang b\u1ee5ng 30 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 xuy\u00ean qua m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng 6-16 n\u0103m<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 16: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan nh\u1ecf, s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i, s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t (Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus ringeri, Fasciolopcis buski)?<\/p>\n
1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n
1) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, GDSK cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
2) V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: di\u1ec7t \u1ed1c trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eddm, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng ao, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1<\/p>\n
3) V\u1ec7 sinh \u0103n u\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u1ecfi c\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00e1 ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan)<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u1ecfi t\u00f4m, g\u1ecfi cua, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n t\u00f4m, cua ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n t\u00f4m, cua n\u01b0\u1edbng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i)<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t)<\/p>\n
4) Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh cho heo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng cho heo \u0103n b\u00e8o, rong, r\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t)<\/p>\n
5) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 17: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft t\u00fac y h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft t\u00fac nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n
3) Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
4) Ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
5) Khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p x\u1ea3y ra, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t ti\u1ebft t\u00fac<\/p>\n
6) Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft t\u00fac<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 18: N\u00eau 1 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft t\u00fac y h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n
1) Gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft t\u00fac:<\/p>\n
– Tri\u1ec7t n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft t\u00fac<\/p>\n
– Thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft t\u00fac<\/p>\n
– D\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n
+ T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c ko sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
+ Tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n 1 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft t\u00fac<\/p>\n
– D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con lai b\u1ecb v\u00f4 sinh ho\u1eb7c ko c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
2) Kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft t\u00fac: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
3) Kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb ti\u1ebft t\u00fac v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
– Xua \u0111u\u1ed5i, hun kh\u00f3i, n\u1eb1m m\u00e0n, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o k\u00edn<\/p>\n
– D\u00f9ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt (tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, heo) l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o che ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft t\u00fac ko \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
4) Di\u1ec7t ti\u1ebft t\u00fac:<\/p>\n
– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t clo h\u1eefu c\u01a1, phospho h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/p>\n
– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc: d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft t\u00fac nh\u01b0: c\u00e1, n\u1ea5m, giun v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n di\u1ec7t b\u1ecd g\u1eady<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 19: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh n\u1ea5m?<\/p>\n
1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n
1) Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m: thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ki\u1ec1m h\u00f3a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng), l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ed7 b\u00e1m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m<\/p>\n
2) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
3) D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec7 sinh, ng\u0103n ko cho n\u1ea5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3: v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n
2) Kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m: c\u00e1ch ly, ti\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
3) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
4) V\u1ec7 sinh n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1eadn l\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, ph\u00f2ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 20: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Larva migrans n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng do giun \u0111\u0169a ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o (Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati)?<\/p>\n
1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5m<\/p>\n
1) T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh: th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 giun \u0111\u0169a k\u00fd sinh trong ru\u1ed9t non c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 (Toxocara canis), m\u00e8o (Toxocara cati)<\/p>\n
2)<\/p>\n
– Khi ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o) l\u1edbn l\u00ean, do c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch: giun trong ru\u1ed9t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o) ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o). T\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9t non, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II chui ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ee9ng, xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t, theo tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng (tim, gan, ph\u1ed5i\u2026), s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng (c\u00f3 khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m)<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o) con nu\u1ed1t tr\u1ee9ng, 1 s\u1ed1 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 theo ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ean h\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t non \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, 1 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i lang thang trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n
– Khi ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o) c\u00f3 thai, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o b\u00e0o thai ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00fa -> truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00f3 (m\u00e8o) con khi ch\u00fang b\u00fa m\u1eb9<\/p>\n
2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n
1) D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5: b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, BN th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 1-4 tu\u1ed5i, trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 nu\u00f4i ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o<\/p>\n
2) L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n
– \u1ede tr\u1ebb em: b\u1ec7nh kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9<\/p>\n
+ \u0102n \u00edt, g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu, n\u00f4n \u00f3i, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y. Gan to c\u1ee9ng, ko \u0111au, l\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u01a1i to<\/p>\n
+ \u0110au c\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp<\/p>\n
+ Ho c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm k\u00e8m theo b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u00e1i toan, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf d\u1ea1ng suy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n
+ Da n\u1ed5i d\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ec1 \u0111ay, h\u1ed3ng ban \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n
– \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn:<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u00f4i khi gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c 1 b\u00ean<\/p>\n
+ Kh\u00f3 th\u1edf d\u1ea1ng suy\u1ec5n<\/p>\n
+ Da n\u1ed5i m\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecf, ng\u1ee9a<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 21: Chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a giun xo\u1eafn (Trichinella spiralis)?<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian (heo, chu\u1ed9t\u2026)<\/p>\n
2)<\/p>\n
– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ru\u1ed9t non (c\u00f3 khi \u1edf ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0)<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecbt heo ch\u01b0a n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn mang k\u00e9n ch\u1ee9a \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giun xo\u1eafn: khi v\u00e0o d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecf k\u00e9n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t non (sau 1-2 h) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (sau 24 h)<\/p>\n
– V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4-5, giun c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb ra \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed9t (th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 10-30 ng\u00e0y), \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng theo h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tim ph\u1ea3i, l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi tim tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh, c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, c\u01a1 v\u00e2n\u2026 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh k\u00e9n (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m sau 10-15 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong 20 n\u0103m)<\/p>\n
– Th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu k\u1ef3: 4-5 tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giun xo\u1eafn: ng\u1eafn<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 22: Chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a giun l\u01b0\u01a1n (Strongyloides stercoralis)?<\/p>\n
1) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: ru\u1ed9t non<\/p>\n
– Sau khi th\u1ee5 tinh, giun \u0111\u1ef1c ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i, giun c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 tinh. Tr\u1ee9ng n\u1edf ra ngay trong ru\u1ed9t non cho ra \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n \u1ee5 ph\u00ecnh, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) Chu tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n
– Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n \u1ee5 ph\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh giun l\u01b0\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do (\u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh)<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n \u1ee5 ph\u00ecnh (t\u1eeb giun l\u01b0\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb giun l\u01b0\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng k\u00fd sinh) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
3) Chu tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n
– \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng xuy\u00ean qua da v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n TM v\u1ec1 tim, l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i, theo ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ean h\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t non v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n
– \u1ede ph\u1ed5i, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi mao m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ph\u1ebf nang m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1c ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
– Su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00e1u, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3i qua 2 l\u1ea7n l\u1ed9t x\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebb sau 28 ng\u00e0y<\/p>\n
4) Chu tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m: b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m theo 2 c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n
(1) Suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nhu \u0111\u1ed9ng ru\u1ed9t: \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n \u1ee5 ph\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n TM v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chu tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n
(2) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh chu \u0111\u00e1o: \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n \u1ee5 ph\u00ecnh theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f2n d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u1edf h\u1eadu m\u00f4n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, xuy\u00ean qua ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c h\u1eadu m\u00f4n v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n TM v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chu tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 23: N\u00eau c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb giun s\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh?<\/p>\n
1. Giun<\/p>\n
Giun \u0111\u0169a<\/p>\n
Pyrantel pamoate<\/p>\n
Mebendazol<\/p>\n
Albendazol<\/p>\n
Giun t\u00f3c<\/p>\n
Mebendazol<\/p>\n
Albendazol<\/p>\n
Giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf<\/p>\n
Pyrantel pamoate<\/p>\n
Mebendazol<\/p>\n
Albendazol<\/p>\n
Giun kim<\/p>\n
Pyrantel pamoate<\/p>\n
Mebendazol<\/p>\n
Albendazol<\/p>\n
Giun l\u01b0\u01a1n<\/p>\n
Thiabendazol<\/p>\n
Giun xo\u1eafn<\/p>\n
Thiabendazol<\/p>\n
Mebendazol ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi corticoid<\/p>\n
Albendazol ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi corticoid<\/p>\n
2. S\u00e1n<\/p>\n
S\u00e1n d\u00e2y heo<\/p>\n
Praziquantel<\/p>\n
Niclosamid<\/p>\n
S\u00e1n d\u00e2y b\u00f2<\/p>\n
Praziquantel<\/p>\n
Niclosamid<\/p>\n
S\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i<\/p>\n
Praziquantel<\/p>\n
S\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n
Praziquantel<\/p>\n
S\u00e1n l\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
Praziquantel<\/p>\n
Niclosamid<\/p>\n
3. \u0110\u01a1n b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
Amip<\/p>\n
Metronidazol<\/p>\n
Tinidazol<\/p>\n
Tr\u00f9ng roi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t (Giardia lamblia)<\/p>\n
Metronidazol<\/p>\n
Tinidazol<\/p>\n
Ornidazol<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 24: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Entamoeba histolytica?<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1) Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng = c\u00e1ch x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm theo ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o<\/p>\n
2) Th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u (g\u1eb7p trong ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1ef5 amip c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 minuta (g\u1eb7p trong ph\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/p>\n
3) Sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi = c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
4) K\u00fd sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
2. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) Chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1i sinh:<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n\/u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0o nang gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 4 nh\u00e2n: khi v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t non, v\u1ecf n\u1ee9t ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng amip th\u1ec3 4 nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb amip th\u1ec3 4 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh amip th\u1ec3 8 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 8 th\u1ec3 minuta c\u00f3 1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t bao b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i sinh \u1edf ru\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n
– Khi ru\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ec3 minuta chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 b\u00e0o nang theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/p>\n
– Khi c\u00f3 RLTH, th\u1ec3 minuta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra ngo\u00e0i theo ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n
2) Chu k\u1ef3 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh:<\/p>\n
– Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ec3 minuta chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed5 abces, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o s\u1eb9o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c u \u1edf ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
– N\u1ebfu amip l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 th\u00ec n\u00f3 theo m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn gan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh amip ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 25: L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh amip?<\/p>\n
1) B\u1ec7nh l\u1ef5 amip c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n
– Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng: \u0111i ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng, ph\u00e2n nh\u1ea7y l\u1eabn m\u1ee7 v\u00e0 m\u00e1u, \u0111au qu\u1eb7n b\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m theo m\u00f3t r\u1eb7n, to\u00e0n tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi (do th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ed5 abces, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t)<\/p>\n
– C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra:<\/p>\n
+ Ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a (do th\u1ee7ng ru\u1ed9t)<\/p>\n
+ H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
+ U \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng (do c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1eb9o)<\/p>\n
2) B\u1ec7nh l\u1ef5 amip m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh: do \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1ef5 amip c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 hay t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n
3) B\u1ec7nh amip \u1edf gan: do amip l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i theo m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn gan, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n
– Abces gan<\/p>\n
– Vi\u00eam gan amip lan t\u1ecfa<\/p>\n
4) B\u1ec7nh amip \u1edf ph\u1ed5i \u2013 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t sau abces gan do v\u1ee1 \u1ed5 abces -> n\u00ean abces ph\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng khu tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y ph\u1ed5i (P)<\/p>\n
5) B\u1ec7nh amip \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c: do amip l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i theo m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng: n\u00e3o, l\u00e1ch, t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 26: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh amip \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9t?<\/p>\n
1) X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00ecm th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, th\u1ec3 minuta v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0o nang<\/p>\n
2) L\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m, soi t\u00ecm amip<\/p>\n
3) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
– Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n
– Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n di<\/p>\n
– Test ELISA<\/p>\n
4) C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e1u: t\u0103ng b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p trong abces gan do amip<\/p>\n
5) Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: si\u00eau \u00e2m b\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee5p nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y gan, ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp vi t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb<\/p>\n
6) Soi tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng: l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh amip \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 27: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng amip?<\/p>\n
1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n
1) \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i khoa<\/p>\n
2) \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i khoa ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i khoa, l\u00e0m tho\u00e1t m\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c abces l\u1edbn<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n
– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch cho \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/p>\n
– Di\u1ec7t ru\u1ed3i, gi\u00e1n<\/p>\n
– V\u1ec7 sinh, an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n
– \u0102n ch\u00edn, u\u1ed1ng s\u00f4i<\/p>\n
– R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch rau, c\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n
– R\u1eeda tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i v\u1ec7 sinh<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng u\u1ebf b\u1eeba b\u00e3i<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 28: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Giardia lamblia?<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1) Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng = c\u00e1ch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u qua m\u00e0ng<\/p>\n
2) Th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u00f4i roi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p trong ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng<\/p>\n
3) Sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi = c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
4) K\u00fd sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng, ru\u1ed9t non, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1eadt. K\u00fd sinh = c\u00e1ch b\u00e1m v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
2. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n\/u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0o nang c\u1ee7a Giardia lamblia: khi v\u00e0o t\u00e1 tr\u00e0ng, v\u1ecf n\u1ee9t ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (b\u00e1m r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y). Th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 2 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 b\u00e0o nang (c\u00f3 2-4 nh\u00e2n). Th\u1ec3 b\u00e0o nang theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m. Th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng theo ph\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebft nhanh \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 29: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Trichomonas vaginalis?<\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
1) Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng = c\u00e1ch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u qua m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm theo ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o<\/p>\n
2) Sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi = c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc<\/p>\n
3) K\u00fd sinh:<\/p>\n
– Nam gi\u1edbi: ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1eb7p trong t\u00fai tinh v\u00e0 TLT)<\/p>\n
– N\u1eef gi\u1edbi: \u00e2 m \u0111 \u1ea1 o, ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5, b\u00e0ng quang)<\/p>\n
4) D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u0103ng sinh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh khi:<\/p>\n
– pH \u00e2 m \u0111 \u1ea1 o t\u0103ng<\/p>\n
– H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glycogen trong ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u00e2 m \u0111 \u1ea1 o t\u0103ng<\/p>\n
– Folliculin gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n
– Vi khu\u1ea9n Doderlein trong \u00e2 m \u0111 \u1ea1 o gi\u1ea3m<\/p>\n
2. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) T. vaginalis k\u00fd sinh duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e2y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t \u00ec n h d \u1ee5 c<\/p>\n
2) S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T. vaginalis \u1edf \u00e2 m \u0111 \u1ea1 o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y th\u1ea5y kinh, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng ko t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 30: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m Trichomonas vaginalis?<\/p>\n
1) Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1:<\/p>\n
– C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t \u00ec n h d \u1ee5 c<\/p>\n
– Quan h\u1ec7 t \u00ec n h d \u1ee5 c ko an to\u00e0n<\/p>\n
– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m<\/p>\n
– \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ko \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n
2) Ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m: ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh mang Trichomonas vaginalis<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 31: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7, chu k\u1ef3\u2026<\/p>\n
1. K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
1) \u0110N: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
– Theo th\u1eddi gian k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
+ K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/p>\n
+ K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/p>\n
– Theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7:<\/p>\n
+ N\u1ed9i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng: s\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
+ Ngo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng: s\u1ed1ng \u1edf da, l\u00f4ng, t\u00f3c, m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
– Theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7:<\/p>\n
+ K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n k\u00fd: ch\u1ec9 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean 1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
+ K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111a k\u00fd: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n
+ K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
+ B\u1ed9i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng: k\u00fd sinh tr\u00ean 1 lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
2. V\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
1) \u0110N: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng k\u00fd sinh hay s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
– V\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh: l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 mang k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n
– V\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5: l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 mang k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
– V\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian: l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 1 th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
3. Chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
1) \u0110N: l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
– Chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
– Chu k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 2 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu k\u1ef3<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 32: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00fd sinh c\u1ee7a k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng?<\/p>\n
1. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/p>\n
1) H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3: kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00f9y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n
2) M\u00e0u s\u1eafc: thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (ch\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111en h\u01a1n r\u1eadn \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o)<\/p>\n
3) K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i (c\u00f3 KST ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i \u03bcm nh\u01b0 KST s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, c\u00f3 KST d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng m nh\u01b0 s\u00e1n d\u00e2y) v\u00e0 t\u00f9y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (tr\u1ee9ng s\u00e1n d\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i \u03bcm, s\u00e1n d\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng m)<\/p>\n
2. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n
1) Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u00fd sinh<\/p>\n
2) Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ko c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n: giun \u0111\u0169a ko c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n
3) 1 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n
– B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng giun m\u00f3c<\/p>\n
– B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00edch h\u00fat sinh ch\u1ea5t (v\u00f2i mu\u1ed7i, bao mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a giun m\u00f3c)<\/p>\n
– B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng k\u00fd sinh<\/p>\n
– B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh s\u1ea3n<\/p>\n
4) 1 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: c\u01a1 quan ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u00e1n l\u00e1 (do th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc)<\/p>\n
3. K\u00fd sinh<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
2) Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng (giun kim), c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (giun t\u00f3c, giun m\u00f3c, s\u00e1n). \u1ede ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n tr\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf d\u00e0y (tr\u1ee9ng giun \u0111\u0169a) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng (tr\u1ee9ng giun kim). Ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft, n\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 hanh l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/p>\n
4. Sinh s\u1ea3n<\/p>\n
1) Sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi: t\u1eeb 1 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng m\u1edbi<\/p>\n
2) Sinh s\u1ea3n h\u1eefu gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n
3) Sinh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi: 1 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c c\u00e1i (s\u00e1n d\u00e2y, s\u00e1n l\u00e1)<\/p>\n
4) Sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111a ph\u00f4i: t\u1eeb 1 tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng (s\u00e1n l\u00e1)<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 33: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng?<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
1) Theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, vi th\u1ec3, di truy\u1ec1n, si\u00eau c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u2026<\/p>\n
2) Theo sinh h\u1ecdc: theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc: gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0nh, l\u1edbp, b\u1ed9, h\u1ecd, chi, lo\u00e0i<\/p>\n
3) C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n theo k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng y h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n
– K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt:<\/p>\n
+ \u0110\u01a1n b\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
(+) C\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng = ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3: amip \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9t<\/p>\n
(+) C\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng = roi: tr\u00f9ng roi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u \u2013 sinh d\u1ee5c, m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n
(+) C\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng = l\u00f4ng: tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng (Balantidium coli)<\/p>\n
(+) Ko c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng: tr\u00f9ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/p>\n
+ \u0110a b\u00e0o:<\/p>\n
(+) Giun tr\u00f2n: giun \u0111\u0169a, giun t\u00f3c, giun m\u00f3c\/m\u1ecf, giun kim, giun l\u01b0\u01a1n, giun ch\u1ec9, giun xo\u1eafn<\/p>\n
(+) S\u00e1n l\u00e1: s\u00e1n l\u00e1 gan, s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i, s\u00e1n l\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t, s\u00e1n m\u00e1ng\u2026<\/p>\n
(+) S\u00e1n d\u00e2y: s\u00e1n d\u00e2y heo, s\u00e1n d\u00e2y b\u00f2\u2026<\/p>\n
(+) Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1t: l\u1edbp c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, l\u1edbp nh\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
– K\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m k\u00fd sinh \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111a b\u00e0o<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 34: N\u00eau c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng?<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3: c\u00f3 5 ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n
1) Ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) Ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
3) Ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7<\/p>\n
4) Ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian<\/p>\n
5) Ki\u1ec3u chu k\u1ef3 ko c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 35: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m KST v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh KST \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/p>\n
1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n
– Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00ednh<\/p>\n
– G\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/p>\n
– Th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/p>\n
– Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n
– Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u2013 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n
– Li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n
2) \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam: b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m cao, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1edbn, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng cao<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 36: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh do KST?<\/p>\n
1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/p>\n
1) Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn: v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc, d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y lan<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/p>\n
3) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau<\/p>\n
4) L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n
5) X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n
6) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n
7) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n
8) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
2. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n
1) Di\u1ec7t k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n
– Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
– Di\u1ec7t k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian<\/p>\n
– Di\u1ec7t k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n
2) C\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng<\/p>\n
3) C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chung:<\/p>\n
– V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
– V\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/p>\n
– Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n
– Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1t<\/p>\n
– Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n
– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/p>\n
– N\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n nam K15a1 (XH) C\u00e2u 1: Chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng giun ch\u1ec9? 1. Chu k\u1ef3 1) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chu k\u1ef3: Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, tr\u1ea3i qua 2 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7: ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed7i (v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh) 2) – V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00fd sinh: h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-mon-co-so","category-ky-sinh-trung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2055"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2056,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2055\/revisions\/2056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}