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\u00a0(P: tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3)<\/p>\n1. T\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n: Nhi 1 (LT)<\/p>\n
2. T\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M DA C\u01a0 X\u01af\u01a0NG \u1ede TR\u1eba EM<\/b><\/p>\n
3. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/p>\n
4. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Sinh vi\u00ean Y4 + chuy\u00ean tu Y3.<\/p>\n
5. Th\u1eddi gian: 1 ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n
6. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m: Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
7. H\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Lan.<\/p>\n
M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU:<\/b><\/p>\n
1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c da v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/b>:<\/p>\n
1. DA V\u00c0 T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C T\u1ebe B\u00c0O D\u01af\u1edaI DA<\/b>.<\/p>\n
Trong khi quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ebb em, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, c\u00e1c mao m\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi da, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4ng t\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed9 chun gi\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a da… v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
1.1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em:<\/b><\/p>\n
1.1.1. Da:<\/b><\/p>\n
– Da tr\u1ebb em th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u mao m\u1ea1ch, s\u1ee3i c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu, tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb khi s\u01a1 sinh; tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i trong 3 \u2013 4 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec trung t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb em d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n
– Da r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u00e9t, m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7 v\u00ec mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft do nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng qua da.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ecfng x\u1ed1p, s\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ecbn nh\u01b0 nhung. Tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e1ng da trong su\u1ed1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u1edbp nh\u0103n. Tr\u1ebb sanh non c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4ng t\u01a1, b\u00ecu \u00edt nh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eadm m\u00e0u, m\u00f4i l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, v\u00fa v\u00e0 qu\u00e0ng v\u00fa gi\u1ea3m s\u1eadm m\u00e0u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 v\u00fa kh\u00f3 s\u1edd th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
– S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Melanin th\u1ea5p \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh n\u00ean da d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
– Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebb, tr\u00ean da c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t G\u00e2y. L\u1edbp m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng tr\u1ebb. Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec bong ra. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y:<\/p>\n
+ B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 da kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
+ L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
+ C\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n
+ L\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a da.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean lau b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c k\u1ebd hay ch\u1ed7 da d\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y v\u00e0 m\u00e1u sau khi \u0111\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng sau 48 gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n lau s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u0103m \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u1ebd da.<\/p>\n
– \u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh l\u00fd \u1edf da: \u0111\u1ecf da sinh l\u00fd , v\u00e0ng da sinh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
+\u00a0\u0110\u1ecf da sinh l\u00fd<\/i><\/b>: sau khi lau s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y th\u00ec da \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01a1i ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1, nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 t\u00edm nh\u1eb9. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecf da r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb da m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nhung th\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 da kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00f4. \u1ede tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecf da sinh l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 1-2 sau \u0111\u1ebb, sau \u0111\u00f3 da d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 bong v\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng da sinh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
+\u00a0V\u00e0ng da sinh l\u00fd<\/i><\/b>: 85 \u2013 90% tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng da sinh l\u00fd. V\u00e0ng da xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 2-5 sau \u0111\u1ebb v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7-8 th\u00ec h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 khi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 3-4 tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non.<\/p>\n
1.1.2. L\u1edbp m\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi da:<\/b><\/p>\n
– L\u1edbp m\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi da c\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi thai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7-8 th\u00e1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi da ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ebb. Trong 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
– V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u acid b\u00e9o no, \u00edt acid b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em 430C l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn (17,50C) do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a r\u00e9t tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng b\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 c\u1ee9ng b\u00ec; tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
– Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u00e1nh ti\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c h\u00f2a tan trong d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u long n\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m da tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u l\u00e2u tan d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u00e1p xe.<\/p>\n
1.1.3. L\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00f3c:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00fcL\u00f4ng t\u01a1<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n
– Tr\u00ean da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng t\u01a1, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf vai v\u00e0 l\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb non.<\/p>\n
– L\u00f4ng t\u01a1 \u1edf c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 vai th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf tr\u1ebb em trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u00e9m th\u00ec l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 m\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 \u1edf tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00f4ng m\u1ecdc \u1edf h\u00f5m n\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c, tr\u1ebb trai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam r\u00e2u m\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u1eb1m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu hay m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
\u00fcT\u00f3c<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n
– T\u00f3c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eadm, th\u01b0a, \u0111en ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng. T\u00f3c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00f5i t\u00f3c \u1edf trong nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
– Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00f3c n\u00ean c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. T\u00f3c con trai m\u1ecdc nhanh h\u01a1n t\u00f3c con g\u00e1i, t\u00f3c m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
– B\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 2-3 v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
1.2.\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd da:<\/b><\/p>\n
– B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n
– Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch da =\u00a0\u00a0(P: tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3)<\/p>\n
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch da \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00e0 1,73m2. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng da \u1edf tr\u1ebb em s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
1.2.1. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/b><\/p>\n
Da b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3 da c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
1.2.2. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf ngo\u00e0i da bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft da \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u do tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean da ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
1.2.3. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u1ebb em trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 hay l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do da tr\u1ebb m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i ch\u01b0a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
1.2.4. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/b>:<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, da c\u00f2n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c men, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, vitamin D. Vitamin D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u1edf da d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cho tr\u1ebb t\u1eafm n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb c\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i vai tr\u00f2 sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a da r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da cho tr\u1ebb em ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n
2. H\u1ec6 C\u01a0:<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1ec7 c\u01a1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
2.1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em<\/b>:<\/p>\n
2.1.1. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc:<\/b><\/p>\n
B\u1ec1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng 1\/5 s\u1ee3i c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khe ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nhanh, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
2.1.2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u01a1 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m, m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ebfn 15 \u2013 18 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m, m\u1ee1, mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Do c\u01a1 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean khi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y th\u00ec hay b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t c\u00e2n nhanh.<\/p>\n
2.2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1:<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u01a1 tr\u1ebb em ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau trong m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 l\u1edbn (\u0111\u00f9i, vai, c\u01a1 c\u00e1nh tay tr\u01b0\u1edbc) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf (c\u01a1 l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay…) sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 tu\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n tay.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb 6 \u2013 7 tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: m\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi rau, \u0111an l\u00e1t… \u1ede tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft d\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, ng\u00f3n tay d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ecfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n l\u00ean, m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1eady th\u00ec, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 tay m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u01a1 l\u01b0ng, h\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2n. Tr\u00ean 15 tu\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
2.3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1:<\/b><\/p>\n
2.3.1. C\u01a1 l\u1ef1c<\/b>: L\u1ef1c c\u01a1 \u1edf tay ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tay tr\u00e1i, tr\u1ebb trai m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u1ebb g\u00e1i. L\u1ef1c c\u01a1 tr\u1ebb em k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho tr\u1ebb luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb n\u00e2ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
2.3.2. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1<\/b>: Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 sinh l\u00fd n\u00ean tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng co c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n tay l\u1ea1i. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 chi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2-2,5 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec h\u1ebft c\u00f2n hai chi d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn 3-4 th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
2.3.3. \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u01a1:\u00a0<\/b>nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Minkopski ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u00e0o thai 3 th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n galvanic v\u00e0 faradic. T\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u01a1 tr\u1ebb em trong nh\u1eefng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi sinh k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
3. H\u1ec6 X\u01af\u01a0NG:<\/b><\/p>\n
X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o, tim, ph\u1ed5i… H\u1ec7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a thai nhi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ee5n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00fac 20 \u2013 25 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
3.1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b>\u00a0:<\/p>\n
3.1.1. H\u00ecnh th\u1ec3<\/b>: X\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. \u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh: \u0111\u1ea7u to, th\u00e2n d\u00e0i, ch\u00e2n tay ng\u1eafn, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c tr\u00f2n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
3.1.2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/b><\/p>\n
X\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00edt mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng, khi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean n\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em m\u1ec1m, \u00edt g\u00e3y v\u00e0 chun gi\u00e3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
3.1.3. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc<\/b>: X\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u01a1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e1c l\u00e1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. \u1ed0ng Havers to v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o c\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y c\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh cho n\u00ean tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ch\u00f3ng li\u1ec1n. M\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n b\u00fa d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb hay b\u1ecb g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u1ed1i c\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n \u1edf g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i b\u00e1m d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng n\u00ean tr\u1ebb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 r\u00e1ch d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng, bong g\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt kh\u1edbp \u00edt g\u1eb7p \u1edf tr\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eady th\u00ec h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
3.1.4. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a<\/b>: \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
Vd:<\/b>\u00a0tr\u1ebb 3-6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t h\u00f3a \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f3c; \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tu\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1p; 4-6 tu\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng thang;5-7 tu\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n; 10-13 tu\u1ed5i x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu.<\/p>\n
3.2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b>\u00a0:<\/p>\n
3.2.1. X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd<\/b>: X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t. Tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebb ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2 th\u00f3p: th\u00f3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f3p sau. Th\u00f3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00f3p l\u1edbn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00edn khi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 n\u0103m, mu\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1 n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i. Th\u00f3p sau l\u00e0 th\u00f3p nh\u1ecf k\u00edn trong kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u1ebb. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u00f3p n\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m th\u00f3p ch\u1eadm k\u00edn, trong b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u00f3p k\u00edn s\u1edbm, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
H\u00e0m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh. Xoang tr\u00e1n g\u1ea7n 3 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3, xoang s\u00e0ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u00eam xoang tr\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
3.2.2. X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng<\/b>: X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n
2 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i: tr\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng quay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i: c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n
1 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i: c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng l\u01b0ng cong v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
7 tu\u1ed5i: x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n cong v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i d\u1eady th\u00ec cong \u1edf v\u00f9ng th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n
Do c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n cong c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eafc n\u00ean d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, n\u1ebfu cho tr\u1ebb ng\u1ed3i s\u1edbm, b\u1ebf n\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u00f9, v\u1eb9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi…<\/p>\n
3.2.3. X\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu:<\/b>\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi 6 \u2013 7 tu\u1ed5i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu tr\u1ebb trai v\u00e0 g\u00e1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1nh ch\u1eadu, c\u00f9ng, c\u1ee5t d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n nhau l\u00fac tr\u1ebb 7 tu\u1ed5i, k\u1ebft th\u00fac qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac 20-21 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb g\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c n\u1eb1m trong khung ch\u1eadu. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
3.2.4. T\u1ee9<\/b>\u00a0chi<\/b>: Tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong sinh l\u00fd, sau 1 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec h\u1ebft. \u1ede nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf t\u1ee9 chi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb cong qu\u00e1; khi tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb c\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, gi\u1ea3 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, giang mai… th\u00ec t\u1ee9 chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cong. C\u1ed5 tay h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fac 7 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u2013 13 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean ng\u00f3n tay, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
3.2.5. L\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c<\/b>: \u1ede tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb 1 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang. C\u00e0ng l\u1edbn l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c c\u00e0ng d\u1eb9t. Ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u1eb1m theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. Tr\u1ebb c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ed7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9c, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i \u0111i h\u1ecdc th\u00ec x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ed1c nghi\u00eang.<\/p>\n
3.2.6. R\u0103ng<\/b>:<\/p>\n
\u1ede tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 r\u0103ng. Tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh m\u1ecdc r\u0103ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 6. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ebfn 2 tu\u1ed5i h\u1ebft th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u0103ng s\u1eefa. S\u1ed1 r\u0103ng s\u1eefa l\u00e0 20 c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng = s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng \u2013 4.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb 5 \u2013 7 tu\u1ed5i m\u1ecdc r\u0103ng h\u00e0m, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau thay r\u0103ng s\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng r\u0103ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (32 chi\u1ebfc).<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ebb c\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc r\u0103ng ch\u1eadm. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn r\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thay r\u0103ng v\u00ec n\u1ebfu r\u0103ng s\u1eefa s\u00e2u th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho r\u0103ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u1ecdc l\u1eaby. R\u0103ng tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
CH\u0102M S\u00d3C S\u1ee8C KH\u1eceE BAN \u0110\u1ea6U:<\/b><\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng b\u00f4i s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y sau khi sanh. \u1ee6 \u1ea5m b\u00e9 ngay sau khi sanh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u1eafm n\u1eafng cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00f2i x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb co r\u00fat c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
N\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh v\u1eb9o c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i khi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u00ednh c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c sanh \u0111\u1ebb sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
N\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1m r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u r\u0103ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng m\u1ecdc l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n
T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/b><\/p>\n
1. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Nhi Khoa t\u1eadp 1, B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Nhi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Y H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Y h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 2013, 2009.<\/p>\n
2. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Nhi khoa t\u1eadp 1, B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Nhi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Y H\u1ecdc chi nh\u00e1nh TP HCM, n\u0103m 2004.<\/p>\n
3. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n Nhi. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam – H\u00e0 Lan 1999.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. T\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n: Nhi 1 (LT) 2. T\u00ean t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M DA C\u01a0 X\u01af\u01a0NG \u1ede TR\u1eba EM 3. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft 4. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Sinh vi\u00ean Y4 + chuy\u00ean tu Y3. 5. Th\u1eddi gian: 1 ti\u1ebft 6. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m: Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. 7. H\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4 Ng\u1ecdc Lan. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":1014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-nhi-khoa","category-nhi-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1703,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1702\/revisions\/1703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}