{"id":157,"date":"2022-03-10T17:52:13","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T10:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/?p=157"},"modified":"2022-03-10T18:10:10","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T11:10:10","slug":"di-truyen-hoc-nxb-giao-duc-2003-pham-thanh-ho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/di-truyen-hoc-nxb-giao-duc-2003-pham-thanh-ho\/","title":{"rendered":"Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc (NXB gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 2003) &#8211; Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-158 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Capture-1-197x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"487\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Capture-1-197x300.png 197w, https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Capture-1.png 305w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h4>\n<p>Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1900, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 100 tu\u1ed5i. Su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o: Trong 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ee9 10 n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n 2 n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong 25 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1edbi th\u00ec nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc: t\u1eeb gen \u0111\u1ebfn protein v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 sinh h\u00f3a &#8211; sinh l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 Sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n<p>Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a y d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n v\u00f3i c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tin h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (combinatoricd chemistry) s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edfng. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn sinh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u201d c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t (vi d\u1ee5, M\u0129 \u0111ang chi 3 t\u1ec9 USD cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p kinh ph\u00ed 13 t\u1ec9 USD cho NIH (National Institute of Health) trong n\u0103m 1998).<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c thi nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u. \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a UNESCO k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc, do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 \u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 xa v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt (nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn 1997), ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong quy\u1ec3n \u201cDi truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n so\u1ea1n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng theo tinh th\u1ea7n :<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc d\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, r\u1ea5t mong nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">PGS. TS. PH\u1ea0M TH\u00c0NH H\u1ed4,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Khoa SINH H\u1eccC, \u0110\u1ea0I H\u1eccC KHTN TP. HCM<\/p>\n<p>L\u01afU \u00dd : Trong s\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 : Theo ti\u1ebfng Anh, Desoxyribonucleic Acid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 DNA, nh\u01b0ng ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ADN (Acide desoxyribonucle\u00ecque &#8211; theo ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p). Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngay s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng in l\u00e0 DNA, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng DNA v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 RNA ch\u1ec9 Ribonucleic Acid. Cytosine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00eau tr\u00ean: amino acid, glucose, nucleotide, polypeptide, polymerase,&#8230; Ri\u00eang thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cgen&#8221; \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, tuy \u0111\u1ecdc theo ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c:<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-163 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-300x140.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"340\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-1024x479.png 1024w, https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-1536x719.png 1536w, https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Untitled-1-2048x958.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>link download:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CGDnSl7cTr2jmUtuq-lBe71iQIJRnmr3\/view\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CGDnSl7cTr2jmUtuq-lBe71iQIJRnmr3\/view<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1CGDnSl7cTr2jmUtuq-lBe71iQIJRnmr3\/preview\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1900, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 100 tu\u1ed5i. Su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, Di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o: Trong 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u1ee9 10 n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00fat l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n 2 n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,33,107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-mon-co-so","category-di-truyen-y-hoc","category-ebook"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":168,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157\/revisions\/168"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}