\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb kh\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 1.Ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n 2.2.1. Qui m\u00f4<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n 2.2.2. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u<\/strong>. Trong D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n 2.2.3. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/strong>. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng (sinh, ch\u1ebft, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ebfn). S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng di d\u00e2n, do v\u1eady khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 theo c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n, t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ngay t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n 2.2.4. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/strong>. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 – Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb y sinh h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, . . .t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn chat l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 2 : Quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u DS l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/strong><\/p>\n KN <\/strong>\u00a0: Quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia …).<\/p>\n Quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh theo t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef3,cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n KN<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 : C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m theo m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c (m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 3. KN v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ds v\u00e0ng. \u01afu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ds v\u00e0ng ?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -KN<\/strong>\u00a0 : l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 15-64 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 0-14 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 65 tu\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n (C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng<\/strong> (C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc\/ L\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c D\u01b0 l\u1ee3i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u h\u1ecdc). L\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 tu\u1ed5i \u00edt h\u01a1n 30% v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 t\u1eeb 65 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u00edt h\u01a1n 15% t\u00ednh tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n.)<\/p>\n –\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong> :C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o(do s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u0111 cao nh\u1ea5t), th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n -Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong> :Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam<\/p>\n > N\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, khi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd gi\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 4 M\u1ee9c sinh thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c sinh?<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u1ee9c sinh thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0<\/strong> m\u1ee9c sinh m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 con g\u00e1i (t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthay th\u1ebf m\u00ecnh trong d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t t\u00e1i sinh s\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c (NRR) b\u1eb1ng 1,00 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c sinh thay th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi sinh \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 sinh trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o chu k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c sinh :<\/strong><\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (CWR)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: CWR: T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n P0 – 4: Tr\u1ebb em \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 4.<\/p>\n W15 – 49: Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb.<\/p>\n =>T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft trung b\u00ecnh 1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1ea5ytr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i (t\u1eeb 0 – 4 tu\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh th\u00f4 (CBR)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: CBR: t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh th\u00f4;<\/p>\n B: s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em sinh ra trong n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng;<\/p>\n P: d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u0103m.<\/p>\n =>T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh th\u00f4 cho bi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u1edf d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee9 1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh chung (GFR)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: GFR: t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh chung.<\/p>\n B: s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em sinh ra trong n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n : t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n =>T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh chung cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ee9 1.000 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb<\/p>\n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo tu\u1ed5i (ASFR)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: ASFRx: t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i x.<\/p>\n Bx: s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em sinh trong n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tu\u1ed5i x.<\/p>\n : s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf tu\u1ed5i x.<\/p>\n =>T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo tu\u1ed5i cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ee9 1.000 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i x thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i sinh \u0111\u1ebb trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau tr\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n + T\u1ed5ng t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t sinh (TFR)<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n TFR= T\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c ASFR * Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i<\/p>\n =>TFR n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ed1 con trung b\u00ecnh 1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3<\/p>\n M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi TFR =2,1<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh con th\u1ee9 ba<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 sinh con th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb sinh ra trong n\u0103m l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u0103m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e2u 5 .C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft th\u00f4 (CDR)<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 1.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: CDR: t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft th\u00f4;<\/p>\n D: s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng;<\/p>\n P: S\u1ed1 d\u00e2n trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n + C\u00e1c t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo tu\u1ed5i (ASDR)<\/strong><\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n ASDRx (mx): t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng theo tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Dx: s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u1edf tu\u1ed5i x trong n\u0103m.<\/p>\n Px : S\u1ed1 d\u00e2n trung b\u00ecnh tu\u1ed5i x trong n\u0103m.<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tu\u1ed5i (IMR)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n IMR: t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 tu\u1ed5i (\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 0);<\/p>\n D0: S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em 0 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ebft trong n\u0103m;<\/p>\n B: S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb sinh s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n =>T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean 1000 tr\u1ebb em sinh s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n ASDR0-4: T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i<\/p>\n D0-4: S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc 5 tu\u1ed5i trong n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n P0-4: S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u0103m<\/p>\n + T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft m\u1eb9 (MMR)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ebft do nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 thai ngh\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u00ednh tr\u00ean 100.000 tr\u1ebb sinh s\u1ed1ng trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 6 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean (d\u01b0\u1edbi 18<\/p>\n tu\u1ed5i) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i (tr\u00ean 40 tu\u1ed5i) c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao v\u1ec1 ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 (s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia) v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4 (kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n V\u0129 m\u00f4 :kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n-> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh xh, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng y t\u1ebf,\u2026<\/p>\n Vi m\u00f4 : \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gd con c\u00e1i, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, s\u1ed1ng trong mt t\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u00edt b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt,\u2026<\/p>\n Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n -Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7:\u2026..<\/p>\n -Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n -Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c sinh: Khi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec m\u1ee9c sinh c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n -Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n ho\u00e0, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n 7.C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c <\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao, du l\u1ecbch, vui ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/p>\n C\u00e2u 6 b .T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a quy m\u00f4, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 DS t\u1edbi clds<\/strong><\/p>\n Quy m\u00f4 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh khi sinh l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng do c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb kh\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng: C\u00e2u 1.Ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 2.2.1. Qui m\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":1274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-dan-so-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1331,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions\/1331"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ykhoataynguyen.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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